In a recent Fourth Court of Appeals case, In the Interest of S.I.S.F., the court reviewed a final judgment regarding a geographic residence restriction in a conservatorship case. The trial court imposed a restriction limiting the child’s primary residence to Bexar County and contiguous counties. The mother appealed that restriction, claiming that a child’s domicile should follow that of the custodial parent. The appeals court affirmed, concluding the restriction was consistent with the Texas Family Code regarding the child’s best interests.

The case illustrates the narrow role appellate courts play in Texas family law cases. A party may appeal a final order in a Texas family law case, including conservatorship and possession orders, as in other civil cases. Tex. Fam. Code § 109.002.

Standard of Review in Texas Family Law Appeals

The trend of couples over age 50 choosing to dissolve long-term marriages, commonly called “gray divorce,” has increased across the United States, and we’re now seeing it here in Texas. Recent demographic data show a growing divorce rate for older Texans, even as overall divorce rates have declined nationwide.

Dividing Property

It’s common for gray divorces to happen after decades of marriage, presenting unique considerations and challenges in the divorce process. These divorces often involve decades of accumulated assets and retirement benefits, and how Texas addresses community property in divorce has a particularly significant impact on long marriages.

Public reporting indicates that actress Lori Loughlin sold a luxury Palm Desert property after announcing her intention to divorce Mossimo Giannulli in 2025. There was no public dispute between Loughlin and Giannulli over the sale of their home, which is notable because our attorneys often see disputes over high-value real estate—whether it should be sold, retained, or awarded to one spouse. These questions frequently fuel property division litigation in Texas divorces.

Texas is a community property state, and trial courts must divide community property in a manner that is “just and right.” A ‘just and right’ division requires the trial court to divide the marital estate equitably. “Just and right”, as established in a Supreme Court of Texas case, Murff v. Murff, does not always mean an equal division, particularly in high-net-worth cases involving complex assets. (Citation: Murff v. Murff, 615 S.W.2d 696, 699 (Tex. 1981).)

Our Texas family law attorneys follow a multi-step process to determine how real estate should be divided upon divorce, and to ensure the fair division of real estate (and other assets) for our clients.

Texas trial courts have broad discretion in conservatorship decisions, particularly when the record reflects that the ongoing conflict between parents isn’t in the best interests of the involved children. In a recent case, the Third Court of Appeals reaffirmed that discretion by upholding a conservatorship ruling despite one parent’s objections to the conduct of the proceedings.

The case involved a contested conservatorship proceeding between a separating husband and wife, co-parents of two young children. Throughout their legal battle, the trial court issued multiple temporary orders addressing conservatorship and possession of the children.

Initially, both parents were named temporary joint managing conservators, but the husband was granted the exclusive right to designate the children’s primary residence. As the parents continued to have challenges, later court orders imposed restrictions on the wife’s possession and visitation rights.

Sometimes, a spouse may fail to take appropriate action when their spouse has filed for divorce.  If the spouse fails to participate in the proceedings, the petitioning spouse may seek a default divorce decree.  Texas law disfavors default judgments, and in some cases, a default judgment may be set aside.  The Texas Supreme Court of Texas recently considered a case in which the wife sought to set aside a default divorce decree.

The parties had been married for 13 years when the wife moved in with her parents due to alleged mistreatment by the husband.  The husband petitioned for divorce and informed the wife that he had done so.  The wife testified she did not have money for an attorney and did not know what to do.  She said she thought she would be served in person.  Her father said they waited for service of process.

According to the appeals court, there were multiple unsuccessful attempts of service over several months, and the trial court ultimately authorized alternative service.  The papers were posted on the front door at the wife’s parents’ home, but she did not file a timely answer.

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Generally, if a spouse dies while a Texas divorce case is pending but before the divorce is finalized, the case is dismissed and the marriage is considered to have ended upon death of the spouse.  This can have a significant impact on the rights of the surviving spouse regarding children and property.  If, however, the court rendered a full and final adjudication before the spouse’s death, then the divorce will be considered final.  Thus, when a spouse dies during a divorce case, whether judgment has been rendered can be an issue with significant consequences.  In a recent case, a wife challenged a divorce decree rendered after the death of the husband and intervention of his adult daughter.

The husband petitioned for divorce in October 2021.  The husband and wife signed a rule 11 agreement, which the appeals court described as “handwritten entries on a printed form.” An exhibit purporting to distributes the assets and liabilities was attached.  The husband, the wife, their respective attorneys, and the judge signed the document.  The husband’s attorney and the wife’s attorney both withdrew.

The husband passed away in October 2023.  The following month, the wife’s new attorney filed a motion to dismiss for want of prosecution, alleging the parties had reconciled after the rule 11 agreement.  The trial court dismissed the case.

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The community estate must be divided in a “just and right” manner in a Texas divorce, but that does not always mean an equal division. In a recent case, a former husband challenged a property division that awarded the wife about 70% of the community estate, along with a money judgment of $365,000.

The parties got married in 1998 and stopped living together in 2021.  The husband petitioned for divorce in 2022, alleging insupportability and requesting a disproportionate share of the community estate.  The wife also alleged insupportability and adultery by the husband.  She also alleged the husband committed fraud on the community estate and requested a disproportionate share of the estate.

The trial court awarded the wife about 70% and the husband about 30% of the community estate.

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Characterization of property can be a significant issue in a Texas divorce.  The Texas Family Code includes a presumption that property owned by a spouse at the time of divorce is community property, but this presumption can be overcome by clear and convincing evidence the property is the spouse’s separate property.  Separate property includes property owned by a spouse before the marriage and property inherited during the marriage.  In a recent case, a former husband challenged the trial court’s award of certain property to the wife after declaring it had become community property.

The husband owned certain real property before the parties married in July 2020. The wife filed for divorce in December 2021.  The wife conceded that property had been the husband’s separate property.  In March, 2021, the husband signed a general warranty deed.  That deed listed husband, “a single man,” as the grantor and husband, “a married man,” as the grantee, with consideration of 10.00 “and other good and valuable consideration.”

The wife asked the court to grant a partial summary judgment determining the property was converted to community property.  She submitted a copy of the deed and an affidavit from her attorney as summary judgment evidence.

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A court can modify a Texas custody or visitation order if the modification would be in the child’s best interest and there has been a material and substantial change in circumstances since the prior order was rendered.  Tex. Fam. Code § 156.101(a)(1)(A).  Whether a material and substantial change in circumstances has occurred is a fact-specific question.

In a recent case, a father challenged the modification of his child’s custody.

The parties divorced when their child was seven years old.  According to the appeals court, the divorce decree named both parents joint managing conservators with a “Week-On/ Week-Off” schedule.  It imposed a geographic restriction limiting the child’s primary residence within a particular school district.

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Spouses sometimes convey property to each other during the marriage for various reasons.  In some cases, those conveyances may become an issue if the couple divorces. In a recent case, a former husband challenged the property division awarding the former wife two pieces of property, even though he had executed deeds conveying those properties to her.

The wife petitioned for divorce in June 2021 after more than 14 years of marriage.  She identified a home and a separate plot of land as her separate property.  She presented copies of a Special Gift Warranty deed by which the husband’s parents gifted the home to him, a later General Warranty deed by which the husband conveyed the home to the wife, a General Warranty Deed conveying the land to the husband, and a subsequent General Warranty deed conveying the land from the husband to the wife.  She identified both properties as her separate property in her Initial Disclosures. The husband did not identify those properties as property he currently owned, separate property, or property against which he had a claim in his discovery responses.

The wife moved for partial summary judgment, asking the court to hold that both properties were her separate properties. She alleged the husband received the home as a gift from his parents, and then conveyed it to her as her separate property. She alleged he bought the land during the marriage and signed a General Warranty Deed conveying it to her in 2020.  She argued he conveyed his undivided one-half community interest in the land to her, raising the gift presumption.

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